David
Psalm 26:1ESV·traditional attribution

Vindicate me, O LORD, for I have walked in my integrity, and I have trusted in the LORD without wavering.

John Calvin Reformed @genevareformer

PSALM 26. This psalm, for the most part, is similar to the preceding. The prophet, oppressed with numerous wrongs, and finding no succor in the world, implores the aid of God, entreating him to undertake the cause of a man unrighteously afflicted, and to assert his innocence.

Commenting on Psalm 26:1-12

C.H. Spurgeon Reformed Baptist @princeofpreachers

Judge me, O Jehovah. A solemn appeal to the just tribunal of the heart searching God, warranted by the circumstances of the writer, so far as regarded the particular offences with which he was wrongly charged. Worried and worn out by the injustice of men, the innocent spirit flies from its false accusers to the throne of Eternal Right.

Matthew Henry Presbyterian @wholebiblehenry

It is probable that David penned this psalm when he was persecuted by Saul and his party, who, to give some colour to their unjust rage, represented him as a very bad man, and falsely accused him of many high crimes and misdemeanors, dressed him up in the skins of wild beasts that they might bait him.

Commenting on Psalm 26:1-5